Employment and Time Use
Women are less likely than men to participate in the labor market, and when they do participate, they are more likely to be in informal, vulnerable, lower-paying jobs. Progress towards women's full participation in the economy could increase countries' GDP.
Labor force participation rate by sex and income group (modeled ILO estimate)
Unemployment by sex and income group (modeled ILO estimate)
% of labor force, female
Data is not available
% of labor force, male
Data is not available
Vulnerable employment by sex (modeled ILO estimate)
Employment in agriculture, services, industry by sex and income group Agriculture Service Industry
Low income
Data is not available
Data is not available
Lower middle income
Data is not available
Data is not available
Upper middle income
Data is not available
Data is not available
High income
Data is not available
Data is not available
Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work by sex
Law mandates equal remuneration for females and males for work of equal value
Yes
No
Indicators
- A woman can get a job in the same way as a man (1=yes; 0=no)
- A woman can work at night in the same way as a man (1=yes; 0=no)
- A woman can work in a job deemed dangerous in the same way as a man (1=yes; 0=no)
- A woman can work in an industrial job in the same way as a man (1=yes; 0=no)
- Children in employment (% of children ages 7-14)
- Criminal penalties or civil remedies exist for sexual harassment in employment (1=yes; 0=no)
- Dismissal of pregnant workers is prohibited (1=yes; 0=no)
- Employers (% of employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Employment by sector (%)
- Employment in senior and middle management, female (%)
- Employment to population ratio (%)
- Informal employment (% of total non-agricultural employment)
- Labor force (number)
- Labor force by level of education (%)
- Labor force participation rate (% of population)
- Labor force, female (% of total labor force)
- Law mandates equal remuneration for females and males for work of equal value (1=yes; 0=no)
- Law prohibits discrimination in employment based on gender (1=yes; 0=no)
- Length of paid leave (calendar days)
- Length of parental leave (calendar days)
- Mandatory retirement age
- Paid leave is available to fathers (1=yes; 0=no)
- Paid leave of at least 14 weeks available to mothers (1=yes; 0=no)
- Part time employment (% of employment)
- Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work (% of 24 hour day)
- Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate (%)
- Ratio of female to male youth unemployment rate (% ages 15-24)
- Retirement age by type of benefits
- Self-employed (% of employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Share of youth not in education, employment or training (% of youth population)
- The age at which men and women can retire with full pension benefits is the same (1=yes; 0=no)
- The age at which men and women can retire with partial pension benefits is the same (1=yes; 0=no)
- The government administers 100% of maternity leave benefits (1=yes; 0=no)
- The law provides for the valuation of nonmonetary contributions (1=yes; 0=no)
- The mandatory retirement age for men and women is the same (1=yes; 0=no)
- There are periods of absence due to child care accounted for in pension benefits (1=yes; 0=no)
- There is legislation on sexual harassment in employment (1=yes; 0=no)
- There is legislation specifically addressing domestic violence (1=yes; 0=no)
- There is paid parental leave (1=yes; 0=no)
- Time-related underemployment (% of employment)
- Unemployment (%)
- Unemployment by level of education (%)
- Vulnerable employment (% of employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Wage and salaried workers (% of employment) (modeled ILO estimate)
- Women Business and the Law Index Score (scale 1-100)
- Women, Business and the Law: Parenthood Indicator Score (scale 1-100)
- Women, Business and the Law: Pay Indicator Score (scale 1-100)
- Women, Business and the Law: Pension Indicator Score (scale 1-100)
- Women, Business and the Law: Workplace Indicator Score (scale 1-100)
Female Labor Force Participation
There are sizable variations in levels and trends of women’s labor force participation across world regions.
Measuring and Understanding Unpaid Care and Domestic Work- Household Care Survey Toolkit
Explore this guide for measuring time use related to elderly and childcare and unpaid domestic work.
Progress towards gender equality under the law is being made, but legal barriers to women’s full economic participation remain
Discover which countries have implemented legislations in the past 50 years to improve equality in the workplace and ensure equal pay for women and men.